高壓電纜廠的電力電纜是(shi)用于(yu)傳(chuan)輸和(he)分配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)常用于(yu)城市(shi)地下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站引(yin)出線(xian)路、工礦企(qi)業內部供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及過(guo)江海水下輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力線(xian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)所占比重正逐漸(jian)增加。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)主干線(xian)路中用以傳(chuan)輸和(he)分配大功率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產品，包(bao)括1-500KV以及以上(shang)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等級，各種(zhong)絕緣(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)使用至今已(yi)有百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史。1879年(nian)(nian)(nian)，美(mei)國(guo)發(fa)明(ming)家T.A.愛迪生在銅棒上包繞黃(huang)麻(ma)并將其穿入鐵管內，然后填充(chong)瀝(li)青(qing)混合(he)物制(zhi)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。他將此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)敷設于紐(niu)約，開創了(le)地下(xia)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)卡倫德(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)瀝(li)青(qing)浸漬紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。1889年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)S.Z.費蘭梯在倫敦與(yu)德(de)(de)(de)特福德(de)(de)(de)之間敷設了(le)10千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)油(you)浸紙(zhi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。1908年(nian)(nian)(nian)，英(ying)國(guo)建成(cheng)20千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)網。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)得(de)到越來(lai)越廣的(de)應用。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)敷設成(cheng)60千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，開始了(le)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)發(fa)展。1913年(nian)(nian)(nian)，德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)M.霍希施(shi)泰特研(yan)制(zhi)成(cheng)分相屏蔽電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),改善了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)內部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場分布,消除了(le)絕(jue)緣(yuan)表(biao)面的(de)正切應力(li)，成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)發(fa)展中的(de)里程碑。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)，瑞典在北部發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠敷設了(le)380千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)超(chao)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan),實現了(le)超(chao)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)應用。到80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代已(yi)制(zhi)成(cheng)1100千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)、1200千(qian)(qian)(qian)伏(fu)(fu)的(de)特高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜基本(ben)結(jie)構：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)基本(ben)結(jie)構由線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)（導(dao)體）、絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)四部(bu)分組(zu)成。1.線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin):線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)部(bu)分，用來輸(shu)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)主要部(bu)分。2.絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng):絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)將線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)與大地以(yi)及不同相的(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)間在電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣上彼此隔離，保(bao)證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸(shu)送，是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜結(jie)構中不可缺少(shao)的(de)組(zu)成部(bu)分。3.屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng):15KV及以(yi)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜一般都有(you)導(dao)體屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和絕緣(yuan)屏蔽(bi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。4.保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng):保(bao)護(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)作用是(shi)(shi)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜免受外界雜質和水分的(de)侵入，以(yi)及防(fang)止外力(li)直接(jie)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜。